Understanding the Importance of Sperm Health
Most sperm are abnormal – but that’s okay!
In today’s data-driven world, we track our sleep, steps, calories, and even heart rate, so why not track your sperm health? This month, fertility experts from Complete Fertility are asking men to consider finding out about another important number, their sperm count.
Male factor infertility is a primary or contributing cause in nearly 50% of infertility cases in couples[1]. According to a 2021 study published in The Lancet, it is a growing concern but despite this, there is still a tendency to focus on female fertility when problems arise. Men and women should be tested in parallel, especially when pursuing treatments like IVF (in-vitro fertilization) or ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection), where male sperm plays a critical role.
Most Sperm Are Abnormal
The majority of sperm are abnormal. In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO) considers a sperm morphology of just 4% as normal. This means that only 4 out of 100 sperm need to have the correct shape to be considered within the normal range. For most men, that number is closer to 3 out of 100 or fewer, which can be a startling revelation.
The morphology of sperm—its size and shape—plays a crucial role in its ability to reach and fertilise an egg. Without healthy morphology, conception becomes difficult. Morphology can be affected by various lifestyle factors, including diet, stress, smoking, and overall health, making it an important area of focus for men who are planning to have children.
Do Not Rely On Postal Tests
Timing is everything when it comes to testing sperm. For the most accurate results, a sample should ideally be analysed within one hour of ejaculation, as sperm begins to degrade quickly. Clinics typically allow up to 90 minutes but sending samples by mail (which can take 36 hours) isn’t advisable due to this window of liability.
Mrs Polly Ford, Consultant Gynaecologist and Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery explains:
“Male fertility so often takes a back seat in discussions but if you are considering a family it’s time to find out all your numbers. Sadly, infertility of all too often thought to be a female issue. If men obtain a good understanding of the quality of their sperm they are more likely to have a positive result when they start to try for a family. Even if their sperm count is low or even zero, treatments can be applied, and babies born. A sperm count test is £195 and it’s better to know than find out at a later date when it is potentially more time critical.”
The Importance of a Sperm Count
For men who are concerned about their fertility, a sperm count is a crucial first step in understanding their reproductive health. A semen analysis typically looks at several key factors:
- Sperm concentration – How many sperm are present per millilitre of semen. A normal count should be 16 million per millilitre.
- Morphology – The shape and structure of sperm, which is vital for sperm-egg interaction.
- Motility – The ability of sperm to move, essential for reaching the egg.
- Volume – The amount of semen produced.
- Sperm vitality – The percentage of live sperm in the sample.
Despite the availability of tests, many men never have their sperm count checked, often due to a lack of awareness. However, this simple test can offer significant insights into fertility potential.
What You Need to Know About Semen Analysis
The WHO continually refines the values that determine what is considered a normal semen analysis, based on data from men who have successfully fathered children. Even men whose sperm count falls slightly outside the “normal” range can still father children, though it may take more time.
Taking Control of Your Fertility
A sperm count test costs as little as £195. So, this Men’s Health Month take charge of your reproductive health. If you’re thinking about fatherhood, or simply curious about your fertility status, knowing your numbers can provide clarity and peace of mind. Don’t wait until there’s an issue—be proactive about your sperm health today.
[1] According to a 2021 study published in The Lancet.
